Milling machine



Man]! 12, 0- H. o. FLETCHER MILLING MACHINE ll Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed July 14, 1937 kw Q @irlf/ftliii l 3 l1 Sheets Sheet 2 March 12, 1940. H, o. FLETCHER I MILLING momma Filed ul 14. 1937 ll Sheets-Sheet 5 ww mm m h wmh h R.

INVENTOR 422, 6

5 lr zllfi I. LT \H I. \u .m. n. \H \IWJ L t EU &k E Q mw K h R March 12, 1940 H. o. FLETCHER 2,193,193

MILLING MACHINE Filed July 14, 1937 11 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR \b .X E HE R March 12, 1940. o FLETCHER 2,193,193 MILLING MACHINE Filed July 14, 1937 ll SheetsSheet 5 11 Sheets-Sheet e H. o. FLETCHER MILLING MACHINE Filed July 14, 1937 March 12, 1940.

INVENTOR March 12, 1940.

H. o. FLETCHER MILLING MACHINE Filed July 14, 1937 ll Sheets-Sheet 7 INVENTOR March 12, 1940.

Fly 46 INVENTOR March 12; 1940. H. o. FLETCHER MILLING MACHINE Filed July 14. 1957 ll Sheets-Sheet 9 INVENTOR March 12, 1940. H. o. FLETQHER 2,193,193

MILLING MACHINE .Filed July 14. 1937 11 Sheets-Sheet 10 INVENTOR March 12, 1940- H. o; FLETCHER MILLING MACHINE Filed July 14, 1937 ll Sheets-Sheet 11 INVENTOR i 2% @a" Patented Mar. 12, 19401 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFlCE 22 Claims. (Cl. 90-215) ,My invention relates to milling machines, and particularly to automatic machines especially adapted to operate on work where a great number of similar parts are required,,but may be used for the usual variety of. operations, most of the movements being efiected by hydraulic power.

One object of my invention is to produce a machine that operates on the work in both directions of the reciprocation without the necessity of the usual idle return movement. Another object is to save time by accelerating the portions of the movements in which no cutting. operation takes place, or when the cutter is approaching and clearing the work. Another object is to provide automatic stabilization of the feeding movement when using the machine for climb, or hook, milling, or for preventing any damage to the machine, in case climbmilling is not desired, and the operator makes a mistake in setting up so that the cutter has a tendency to draw into the work.

Another object isto prevent vibration during the cutting operation.

.Anotherobject is to provide complete auto-- matic and manual control of the machine at all times.

i Another object is to provide a hydraulic system that is automatically controlled without a complication of intricate mechanical and power devices for this purpose.

Another object is to raise the turret and hold it in raised position during indexing of the same by hydraulic pressure, thus greatly reducing friction and the power required for this purpose.

Other objects will be manifested in the following description.

Fig. 1 is a front elevation of one embodiment of my invention, Fig. 2 is a plan view and Fig. 3 is an end, or side, elevation looking from the right of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a diagram of a preferred hydraulic system for operating and controlling the movements of the machine.

Fig. 5 is a fragmental elevation looking from the right of Fig. 3 showing the mechanism for controlling the main and automatic stop valves.

Fig. 6 is a iragmental view showing another position of the stop control for the automatic stop valve. Fig. '7 is a fragmental plan view showing the manner of tripping the load and fire mechanism for operating the main Valve. Figs. 8 to 11 are sectional views of the main valve and operating mechanism showing the valveplunger in its several positions of operation. Figs. 12 and 13 are sectional views of the regulating servovalve when used independently of the regulating stop valve. l

Fig. 14 is a sectional elevation of the double reverse valve and Fig. 15 is a plan view of the same. Figs. 16 and 17 are plan viewsshowing the device for operating the double reverse valve in difierent positions of operation.

Figs. 18 and 19 are sectional views of the automatic regulating valve showing it in different positions of operation.

Figs. 20 and 21 are sectional views showing the method of mounting, operating and adjusting the feed control valves. Fig. 22 is a section taken on line 22-22 of Fig. 2, showing the turret in raised position. Figs. 23 and 24 are fragmental views in elevation showingthe method of operating the valve'reversing lever. Figs. 25 to 27 are sectional views of theautomatic stop valve showing the plunger in its several positions of operation. Figs. 28 and 29 are sectional views of the manually operated stop valve showing the plunger in normal and stop positions.

Fig. 30 is a diagram showing a preferred method of reversing the pressure in the cylinder for raising and lowering theturret, and Fig. 31 is a sectional view of. the reversing valve used therewith showing the plunger in reverse position.

Fig. 32 is a fragmental section of theautomatic control valve showing the form of the ports.

Fig. 33 is a plan view of the mechanism for 'opcrating the automatic stop valve, and Figs. 34 and 35 are elevations of same in different positions of operation.

Fig. 36 is a section taken on line 3336 of Fig. 14, showing the lower half of the double reverse valve, and Fig. 37 is a sectionalelevation of the same.

Figs. 38 and 39 are fragmental views of the keys for holding the turret in position showing them in engaged and disengaged positions, respectively.

Fig. 40 is asectional View showing the load and fire mechanism for operating the main valve, and Fig. 41 is a plan View of the lever for operating the same.

Figs. 42 and 43 are plan views showing the lever and connecting rod for operating the valve mechanism in different positions of operation.

Fig. 44 is a plan view showing the position of the valve operating lever when climb or hook milling is used.

Fig. 45 is an elevation of the connections for operating the valve for reversing the movement of the table valve.

. Fig. 46 is a front elevation of another embodiment of my invention. Fig. 47 is a plan view, and

Fig. 48 is a side elevation of the same looking from the right of Fig. 4.6. Fig. 49 is a front elevation showing the connecting gearing for driving the cutter.

Fig. is a section, taken on line 5l5ii of Fig. 47, showing the cutter spindle drive when two spindles are used, and Fig. 5.1 is similar to Fig. 50 showing the spindle drive when a single spindle is used. Fig. 52 is a section taken on line 52-52 of Fig. 56 showing the stops for stabilizing the' cutter carrier. Fig. 53 is a sectional view taken on line 5353 of Fig. 51 showing the stops for stabilizing the cutter carrier in another position of operation. Fig. 54: is a section taken on line 54-55 of Fig. 50 showing the gearing for driving the cutter spindles. Fig. is an end elevation of the cutter spindle driveshowing the method of locking the spindle in place.

Figs. 56 and 57 are diagrams of the electrical safety deviceshowing the position of the parts during the running and stopping of the machine, respectively.

Referring to Figs. to 29 of the drawings, the motor l, mounted within base 2, operates the con, stant pressure pump 3. which takes fluid from tank id and supplies it under pressure to hydraulic motor cylinder 4 for operating piston 5 slidably mounted within the cylinder 4, and connected, by piston rod 6, to carriage T on which the work to be operated upon is mounted.

The cutters 8 and ii are mounted on arbor 9 which is driven by spindle ll! rotatably mounted in head ii, the outer end of arbor 9 being supported in bearing i2 mounted in the overarm support it.

The work 9i and Si is preferably held. by fixtures supported by a turret mounted on carriage, or table Referring more especially to Figs. 4, 18, 19, 28 and 29, the pump 3 is connected to the main valve l5 by conduit i6. Port H of valve 15 is connected to port I?" of compensating valve 19 by conduit l1. 1

Port I8, in valve I5, is connected to port I8" in compensating valve It, by conduit l8.

Ports 2% and 20', in valve 19, are connected to reverse valve 22 by conduit 20, and ports 2 I and 2!" are connected to reverse valve 22 through conduit 2 if Reverse valve 22 is connected to the right hand end of cylinder #1 by conduit 23, and the left hand end of cylinder i is connected to reverse valve '22 through conduit 24.

When plunger l5, of valve i5, is in its extreme left-hand position, as shown in Figs. 4 and 11, supply conduit iii is connected to port I8" by COD-7 duit i8, and when in its extreme right-hand position, as shown in Fig. 9, conduit I5 is connected to port i'l" through conduit I'I.

When plunger is. of compensating valve 99, is in its left-hand position, as shown in Figs. 4 and 18, port H" is connected to port 20 and port it" is connected with port 2!, and when plunger i9 is in its right-hand position port I1" is connected to port 2!" and port I8 is connected to port 2i). By the above it will be seen that the movement of plunger Hi from left to right will reverse the flow of fluid in conduits 20 and 2! and therefore reverse the pressure from one end of cylinder ito the other consequently reverse the tendency of action of piston 5. Also when the hand operated reverse valve 22 is turned to reverse position the pressure on piston 5 will be reversed, the purposes of which will be explained later.

It will be seen by the foregoing that piston 5 as shown in Figs. 4 and 18, and the reverse valve 22, when in its normal. position connects conduit 2! with conduit 23 and conduit 25 with conduit 24, so that when valve plunger i5 is in its extreme left-hand position, as shown in Figs. 4 and 11, fluid under pressure will flow from conduit 15 through conduits IS, 2! and 23 to the right-hand end of cylinder i to propel piston 5 and table I to the left,'as shown in Fig. 4:. but to the right as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

When plunger i5 is in its extreme right-hand position, as shown in Fig. 9, fluid under pressure will flow from conduit it through conduit IT, 28 and 24 to the left hand end of cylinder 4 to translate piston 5 and table 1 to the right as shown on Fig. 4.

The dog 25 is adjustably mounted on the side of table! by means ,of a tee slot, and is adapted to engage lever arm 2%, mounted fast on upright shaft 27, when table 7 is traveling to the right, as shown in Fig. 2, to turn shaft 2'! anticlockwise, and dog 28, adjustably mounted on table 1', is adapted to engage lever arm 29, also fast on shaft 2i, to turn it clockwise when table 1 travels in the opposite direction.

Shaft 27 is freely mounted in bearings as shown and the forked lever 3B is fastened to the lower end of shaft 2'! and straddles tube 3|, in which the load and fire mechanism, for operating valve plunger i5, is assembled. Collarsv 3! and 3! are fast on tube 3 l, and rolls 30 are freely mounted on the ends of forked lever 35 and engage collars 3i and 3!. When dog 25 engages lever 26, to turn shaft 21 and forked lever 35 anticlockwise as viewed in Figs. 2 and 41, rolls 30 engage ,collar 3!" to force tube 3! to the left as viewed in Figs. 5 and 40, and when dog 28' engages lever 29 to turn shaft 21 and lever 30 clockwise rolls 36' engages collar 3 l to force tube M to the right as viewed in Fig. 5.

Shaft 32 is mounted within tube 3! and has mounted fast thereon collar 32' in a manner to pass freely within and register with ledge 3la formed within tube 3!. Springs 33 and 34 are mounted over shaft 32 and within tube 3! and are held under compression by inside collars 33 and 34', respectively, fastened in the ends of tube 3!. The washer 33a is freely mounted over shaft 32 and between collar 32' and spring 33 in a manner to cause spring 33 to be compressed when tube 3! is forced to the leftand shaft 32 is held against movement, and washer 34a is mounted in like manner between spring 34 and collar 32 to cause spring 34 to be compressed when tube 3| is forced to the right and shaft 32 is held against movement.

Shaft or rod 32, has formed thereon, the annular grooves 32b and. 320, as shown; these grooves being engaged by latch 35 which is fulcrumed at 35' in bearing 35a, and normally held in engagement with groove 32?), or 320, as the case may be, by spring 35".

The finger 36, fastened to tube 3i and extending out over shaft 32 has formed thereon cams 3E and 36" for engaging latch 35 to swing it out of engagement with grooves 320 and 32b, respectively, allowing the compression of spring 33 or 34 2,193,193 r p t 3- to force collar 32 into positionto register with ledge3la. a

By the foregoing it will be seen that when dog 25 forces tube 3! to the left, as shown in Fig. 5, that latch 35 will hold shaft 32, from movement, compressing spring 33, until cam 36 disengages latch 35 from groove 320 when shaft 32 will be,

forced to the left, and when dog 28 forces tube 3| to the right, shaft 32 will be held from movement until cam 35? disengages latch 35 from groove 3% when shaft 32 will be forced to the right.

The lever 3'? is fulcrumed at 31 on a bearing attached to base 2 and isforked: at both ends, the upper end being provided with rolls 31a that engage collars 32d and32e fast on shaft 32. On the lower forked ends of lever 31 are freely mounted rolls 31b which engagecollars l5a and 15b fast on plunger rod l5" which is formed integral with plunger I5 of'valve l5.

When rod 32 is forced to the right, by spring 34,1 collar 32c engages rolls 31a to rotate lever 31 clockwise, thus engaging rolls 311) with collar I51) and forcing plunger IE to the left into the position shown in Fig. 10 communicating port 38 with supply conduit l6, and port l8 closed.

When rod 32 is forced to the left, by spring 33, collar 32d engages rolls 31a. to swing lever 31 anticlockwise engaging rolls 3111 with collar 15a, forcing plunger IE to the right into the position shown in Fig. 8 with port 39 communicating with supply conduit l3, and port l1, closed.

Conduit 38, leading from port 38', connects with reverse valve 40 and conduit 39,. leading from port 33 also connects with reverse valve 40.

Conduit 33a, leading from reverse valve to the right hand end of cylinder 4 I, supplying pressure fluid for forcing piston 4 to the left. When port 38' in valve 15 is communicating with supply conduit Hi, as reverse valve 40 normally connects conduit 38 with conduit 38a, and conduit 39 with conduit 39a leading to the left hand end of cylinder 4|. When port 39 registers with port l6 of valve l5, as shown in Fig. 8 fluid flows to the left hand end of cylinder 4| to force piston 4i to the right. I

Rack Ma, in mesh with gear segment 42, is fastened. to piston rod 4 I which is integral with piston 4!, so that segment rotates clockwise when piston M is forced to the left and anticlockwise when piston 4! moves to the right.

The segment 42 is freely mounted on shaft '23" and lever 43 is fast on shaft 43. Blocks 42a and 42b, are respectively mounted in slots42c. and

42d, being adjustable therein, and extend forward in a'manner to engage lever 43, as segment 42 swings in either directionyto turn lever 43 and shaft 33 in the direction of the segment travel.

Blocks 42a and 42b may be adjusted into any position in their respective slots to swing lever 43 as faras desired in either direction, or adjusted to the extreme outer ends of their slots out of engagement with lever 43, in which case this lever may be adjusted by hand.

Shaft 43 operates a servo valve, not shown, for governing the speed and direction of travel of hydraulic transmission 44, which isdriven by motor 45. The gear 440,, is fast on transmission shaft 44' and mesheswith idler gear 44b which, in turn, meshes with gear 440, which is fast on, and drives, cutter spindle Hi. The servo valve and transmission mentioned above form no part of my invention and are therefore not'fully described.

When'lever 43 is swung to the rightpcutter spindle" Iii-is rotated in an anticlockwise direction asviewed in Fig. 1, and when lever '43 is swungto the left the cutter arbor is rotated in a clockwise direction, as viewed in Fig. 1.

When blocks 42a. and 42b are set in position to swing lever 43 to its extreme outer positions transmission 44 is operated to impart full speed to the cutters and when lever 43 is in its central zone there is no rotation of the cutters, so that the speed of the cutters is accelerated as lever 43 is moved away from its central zone in either direction.

Whenblocks 42a and 42b are adjusted to their extreme outward positions, so that they do not contact lever 43, this lever maybe set into any position of its range on either side of its central position to select any desired speed of the cutters in either direction, in which case the cutters will rotate in one direction until lever 43 is again adjusted.

. The cutter spindle head-i I and transmission 44 are firmly attached to each other and head ll ply conduit l6 and the lower end of cylinder 46 to supply pressure to raise the cutter drive assembly when valve ife is opened, and exhaust conduit 4% connects cylinder 46 with tank F4 for lowering the cutters when valve 46d is opened.

As rack 4la moves to the right the cam surface4lb formed thereon engages lever 47, fast on shaft 41', to rocklever 41 clockwise (see Fig. 24) and as spiral gear 4'!" is fast on shaft41 gear 41" is rotated clockwise. with spiral gear 33, fast on shaft 48. Lever arm 48" is also slidably" keyed to shaft 48' and is pivoted at its outer end to connecting rod 48a. Rod 43a is pivoted at its opposite end to arm 43, fast on shaft 43'. Forked lever arm- 50 is also This gear is in mesh fast on shaft 49' and rolls 5;), freely mounted on the ends of forked lever 50, are in position to engage collarstla and tile fast on rod 5|" which is integral withplunger 5| of automatic stop valvev 5!, the office of whichwill be described 'later.

Forked lever 52 is also fast on shaft 49, and its forked. ends carry rolls 52', freely mounted thereon; ,Rolls 52 are in position to engage collars l5b and I50 fast on rod l5", which is formed integral'with plunger I5 of valve 15.

The teeth of spiral gears 41" and 48 are made of right-hand spiral form so that when rack Ma moved to the right, as viewed in Figs. 3 and 4, forked levers 5i) and 52 will force rods 5| and I5", respectively, to the right, as viewed in Fig. ,5

As stated above, the tripping of levers 23 and 29 by dogs 25 and ZSimparts sufiicient movement to valveplunger Hi to uncover ports 38' and 39' for operating rack 4m, segment 42 and lever 43 to reverse the cutter rotation, and operating the mechanism described in the two preceding paragraphs, for imparting further movements to plunger to connect. ports I? or [3' with supply conduit It for operating table I.

The cycle isas follows: As table 1 approaches the end of its movement to the right, as viewed in Fig. 2, dog 25 operates lever 26 and the above described load and fire device to set plunger 15' into the position shown in Fig. 8, connecting conduit 39 with supply conduit I67 which operates rack 4m. to the right, reversing the rotation of the cutters, causing them to rotate anticlockwise as viewed in Fig. 1, and also further operates plunger l5 into the position shown in Fig. 9, connecting conduit l! with conduit l6 for propelling table l to the left as viewed in Fig. 1.

As table 1 approaches the end of its movement to the left as viewed in Fig. 1, dog 28 operates lever 29 to propel plunger l5 into the position shown in Fig. 10, connecting conduit 38 with supply conduit l6 which propels rack 4m to the left again reverses the rotation of the cutters into a clockwise rotation as viewed in Fig. 1, and cam surface 4| c, formed on rack Ma, operates lever 43 into the position shown in Fig. 23 to further propel plunger 15 to the left, into the position shown in Figs. 4 and 11, connecting conduit l8 with conduit It for propelling table I again to the right as viewed in Fig. 1.

Piston is slidably mounted in cylinder 54, (see Fig. i) and the rod 55', of piston 55 is connected to table l as shown in a manner to control the movements of tab-1e I.

The conduit 59 leads from the right hand end of cylinder 54 to port 53' in compensating valve i9, and conduit 56 leads from the left hand end of cylinder54 to port 55' in compensating valve l9.

' Conduit 51 leads from port 51', in valve l9, to 1 port 51" in the manually operated stop valve 59,

and conduit 58 leads from port 58, in valve I9, to; port 58 in valve 59. Conduit 5| leads from port 5|, in valve 59, to port 6| in the automatic stopvalve 5|, and conduit 62 leads from port 62, in valve 59, to port 52 in valve 5|.

Conduit 63 leads from port 63 in valve 5| to the hand control valve 93 and thence through check valve 530. to conduit 64. Conduit 64 leads from port 54, in valve 5|, to hand control valve fi l" thence through check valve 64a to conduit Plunger l9, of valve l9, when in its normal position, allows free flow of fluid from port 53' to port 5l',and also from port 56' to port 582 Plunger 59, of valve 59, when in its normal position, allows free flow of fluid from port 51" to port GI and also from port 58," to port 62'. lunger 5|, of valve 5|, when in its normal position, allows free flow of fluid from port 6| to port 93', and also from port 62" to port 64'.

By this it will be seen that fluid may flow freely from one end of cylinder 54 to the other if valves 63" and 64 are open, but these valves govern the flow to regulate the feeding speed of piston 55, and consequently of table T.

Valve 65" regulates the speed'when table I is traveling to the right as viewed in Fig. 4, or to the left as viewed in Fig. 1. and valve 64" is used to govern the movement when the tabe is moved in the opposite direction.

Valves 55, in conduit I1, and valve 65 in conduit l8, are used to influence the flow of fluid Valve-95, represented in Fig. 20, has a long stem 66' on which pinion 6'! is adjustably mounted.

The set screw 61bis used to adjust stem 66, and therefore the amount of opening of valve 66. The hand wheel 66", fast on stem 66', is used to turn stem 66 when adjusting the valve. The large hand wheel 65", mounted on the hub of pinion 67', is used to adjust all the valves an equal amount at the same time, this affording a very simple, convenient and speedy adjustment of the feed even when the machine is in operation. Rack Bl may be arranged to adjust any two or more of these valves as desired.

When piston 55 is traveling to the left, as viewed in Fig. 4, more fluid will be displaced than when traveling to the right, by reason of the volume taken up by connecting rod 55.

It is therefore necessary to adjust valve 64 to allow more fluid to pass than passes valve 53 in order to obtain equal speeds in both directions of table travel. .Also when fluid is flowing from the left hand end of cylinder 54 there will not be capacity in the right hand end to allow all of the fluid to enter, therefore relief valve 58 and conduit 68 are provided to allow this excess fluid to flow to tank 69. v

When piston 55 travels to the right there will not be enough fluid leaving the right hand end of cylinder 55 to fill the left hand end, and suction conduit 19 is provided with check valve '19 to allow suflicient fluid to flow from tank 59 to supply this deficiency. Check valves 53a and 5511 are provided to prevent fluid from flowing freely from either side of the circuit to the other, or to the tank, except when desired.

From the foregoing it, will be evident that either of these valves, 63" or 64, may be opened more than the other to speed up the flow of fluid in one direction or the other which will result in a greater, or faster, feeding movement of the table in one direction than the other, thus providing two different feeding speeds for the table.

The conduit 12, containing valve 12, connects conduit 62 with conduit 6| through the right hand end of automatic control valve 5|, shunting valve 63, and, conduit 13, containing-valve 13 connects conduit 6| with conduit 52 through the other end of valve 5|, shunting valves 94". These conduits are used to allow free flow of fluid from one end of cylinder 54 to the other for accelerating the table movement when no cutting operation is taking place, which will be explained later.

Conduit 12','having valve 12, connects conduit 52 with conduit El, and conduit 63, having valve 63", also connects conduit 52 with conduit 5! through conduit 64 and valve 5|. Valve 53" is manually adjusted to determine the speed of feeding movement of table I to the right, as viewed in Fig. 4, and has no influence over the speed of table movement to the left, as no fluid can pass through check valve 63a. If valve 63" is adjusted to impart a slow feeding movement of table I to the right, and at some interval in said movement, valve 12 is slightly opened the feeding speed will be increased, and if valve '72 is again closed, the feeding speed will be decreased. These changes in speed during unidirectional feeding movement are effected by dogs mounted in the table slots, as already described, and are utilized to increase the speed of feed when a light out is in progress by the cutter and to diminish speed when the cutter encounters a heavy portion of the work.

As the same conditions apply to valves 13 and a closed during the return stroke in order not t in that direction may be similarly changed by operating valve 13. .Thus a varying feed maybe obtained in one direction anda constant feed in the opposite direction, a varying feed in both directions, or a varying feed in one directionl'and a quick return in thelopposite direction, as may be desired.

It is to be understood that, whenusing valve T2 or valve T3 in this way forunidirectionalvariation of feeding movement, these valves are to be interfere with the speed in that direction. Theturret ld,while not necessary for all kinds of work, is preferably employed for mass production to facilitate the introduction of the work to the cutters. Turret'M is mounted on table T, and keys [4, set in the table are adapted to engage keyways 74" formed in the lowersurface of the turret table. When the turret is lowered into working position these keys extend into keyways 14" being a perfect fit therein, to hold the turret firmly in position for the cutting operation. When turret M is raised the lower surface of the turret table slightly clears the tops of keys 14 to allow free rotation of the turret. 13

The turret spindle I la extends downward through a bearing formed in the table to which gear 'Mb is keyed, a suflicient space beingallowed for raising the turret without interference of the gear with the bearing. Hydraulic motor cylinder 15 is attached to table 7 and partakes of the movements thereof; Piston 15, having rod 15'', is adapted to reciprocate in cylinder. 15. Rack teeth are cut on the side of rod 15", which mesh with gear Mb, for rotating turret M in either direction as piston 15' travels in cylinder 15.

The depending rod 14 is fastened to the lower end of spindle Mia and piston "(4c is formed thereon. The cylinder Md is supported by bracket Me attached to the lower side of table 1. Piston 140 extends into cylinder Md and is raised and lowered by hydraulic pressure as will presently be explained. l

Passage 6, is formed in piston rod 6, and extends through piston 5 to chamber 4 in cylinder 4, and passage 6" is formed inrod 6, and is connected with chamber l" in cylinder 4 by short passage Ba.

, 76d in valve 16 with the upper end of cylinder 14d.

Conduit ll connects chamber 7'! with cylinder Md at a point just above the lower end of piston 14c when in its lower position, but below piston 'Mc when raised to raise turret M. Conduit Tl connects chamber Tia in valve 16 to the upper end of cylinder Md. Conduit llb connects chamber To in valve '56 with the left hand end of cylinder l5, and conduit ll-'d connects chamber 'llein valve 75 with the right hand end of cylinder 75. i a

Passage ill in rotorlil, of valve 76' connects chamber 16 with chamber of 16b, and passagel Ba connects chamber 78" with chamber 1611 when rotor 18 is in the position shown in Figs.

14 and 17; but, passage 18 connects chamber 16" with chamber 161), and passage l8aconnects chamber 76' with chamber Hid when rotor 18 is in the position shown in Fig. 16. "I Rotor T8 is shown in Fig. 4 in the same position as illustrated in Fig.l6 with chamber 16"? con-- Conduit 6b is connected with bas sage 5 and also to chamber 16' in double reverse nected to chamber 161) and chamber 16' connected with chamber 16d therefore the pressure fluid flows from chamber 4' of cylinder 4 through 0011- duits 6b and 160 to the upper end of cylinder Md providing pressure to hold turret M firmly down to its seat and tightening its contact with keys 14';

When piston 15 is propelled to the right turret i4 is rotated anticlockwise, and when it is propelled to the left the turret rotates clockwise as viewed in Fig. 2.

The wings l9 and 19' extending downwardly from the hub of gear Mb are j adapted to turn lever 19c into the position shown in Fig. 16 when gear 7% is rotated anticlockwise, and into the position shown in Fig. 17 when rotated clockwise, which reverses the flow of all the circuits passing through valve it each time that turret 14 is.

indexed.

When table 1 reaches the end of its movement to the left, as viewed in Fig. 4, plunger IE will be shifteoL first to the position shown in Fig. 8, which opens port 39 to operate the device for reversing the cutter rotation and also the mechanismior shifting plunger l5 into the position shown in Fig. 9 with pressure fluid applied to port H ,for reversing the movement of table I, but

table I is held from its movement to the right,

by means which will appear later in the description, until turret 15 has been indexed and lowered. This reversing of valve l5 reverses the pressure flow in the circuit composed of conduits 6b, 760, 8c and 16a, resulting in pressure being applied to the lower end of cylinder 1402 which raises piston 14c and turret l4.

As pistonl lc is raised the port leading to conduit ll isuncoveredallowing pressurefiuid to flow through conduit 11 tochamber l'le, through passage 80,- to conduit Tld to the right hand end of cylinder 15 to index turret 14 clockwise, as viewed in Fig. 2. l i

As turret l4 nears the end of its turning movement, winglfif. engages lever 71 9a to reverse valve 'lfi which applies pressure again to the top of piston Me for lowering turret 19 to its seat, and

to firmly hold it down for the cutting operation.

The clash-pot piston 18b, extending downward- 1y from piston 14c fits into dash-pot 78a, and conduit 18c connects the lower end of dash-pot 18a with the lower end of cylinder Md, valve 18c being interposed in conduit 180 for regulating the to shunt valve Hie, the check valve 78f preventing flow inthe shunt conduit from the dash-pot to the cylin der, compelling it to flow through valve 18c which is adjusted to regulate the fluid flow to lower piston 14c and turret TM at any desired rate of speed to prevent a sudden drop of the massive turret. The check valve 78 allows the fluid pressure to enter dash-pot 78a. to assist in raising the turret. As rotor 18 is turned the pressure flow is reversed in conduit 11b and 17d twice, once in the upper and once'in the lower portion of valve l6, which leaves the pressure in;the same direction as though it had not been reversed, with flow of fluid between dash pot 78a and cylinder Md. The conduit 18d is connected in a manner l pressure still applied tothe right hand end of 1 cylinder 75 to complete th e index movement. a

As rotor 18 turns to its central position the flow offluid is momentarily cut off WhiChWOllld prevent the exhaust flowing from cylinder '15.

This sudden cut on of exhaust would cause a sudden and extreme piling up of pressure in the exhaust (and ofcylinder 15 due to the momentum.

of turretl l, if it were not for the hydro-pneumatic pressure chambers 90 and 90' connected with conduit T51) and l'ld,'respectively,' to relieve this excess pressure. The pressure valve 90a regulates the pressure of chamber 90 and pressure valve 93b regulates the pressure of chamber 90. These chambers are partly filled with liquid when the pressure in the exhaust occurs, a part of which is retained, as the valves only allow fluid above the pressure to which they are set to pass in either direction. 'As will be seen this piling up of exhaust pressure assists to overcome the momentum of the turret when stopping its movement.

When table 7 reaches the end of its return movement to the right valve I is reversed which again reverses the pressure, applying it to the lower end of cylinder 1411 to raise turret is and as all the circuits of fluid flowing to cylinder were reversed when turret 74 was indexed, pressure fluid flows through conduit Tlb to propel piston 55 to the right to again index turret 14,

but in the opposite direction.

It will be seen, by the foregoing, that as table l moves in one direction one or more cutters are revolving properly to operate on the work in that direction, and, as table returns, one or more cutters are revolving properly to operate on the work for that direction.

Referring to Figs. 30 and 31, the conduit 61) is connected to ports 200 and 20L and conduit 60 is connected to ports 2|3 and 2|4 of valve 202. Valve 202 and motor 15 are attached to, and travel with, table I.

In the position of the parts as shown in Fig. 31, piston 5 and table I have finished their movement to the right, valve |5 has been operconduit 6b and port 200 to conduits 204 and 205,

to the lower end of cylinder 1411 to raise turret M, valve plunger 203 having been in the position shown in Fig. 31.

Fluid pressure also has passed through conduit 206, and check valve 220, and conduit 18g to the left end of cylinder 15 to propel piston 15 to the right for indexing turret I4.

As'piston i5 nears the end of its travel to the right the lug 201, adjustably attached to rod 208, fastened firmly to the end of piston rod 15", engages lug 209-,fastened to rod 2| 0, which is made integral with plunger 203, to move plunger 203 to the right as shown in Fig. 30;

This movement of plunger 203 to the right reverses the pressure in cylinder 14d to lower plunger 14c and turret 14 by connecting port 200 with port 2 |5 of conduit 2|B leading to the upper end of cylinder Md, and also stops flow of fluid between conduits 1871. and 60 by closing port 2, thus cutting off the flow of exhaust from cylinder l5 retarding the latter part of the indexing movement to bring the turret to a gradual stop, the high pressure relief valve 2| I, in conduit 2 l2, allowing the excess pressure to flow through conduit 2|2 to tank l4.

With the parts in this position it will be seen that piston 15 is held from movement and piston 'Mc is held firmly down to lock turret N to its seat.

When table 1 reaches the end of its movement to the left the pressure is reversed in cylinder the lowerend of cylinder 14d raising piston 14c and turret 14'. Pressure also passes through conduit 222 and check valve 223 to conduit 7871 to the right end of cylinder 15 to index turret 14.

As piston 15 and rod 208 near the left end of their travel lug 201 engages lug 2", fast on rod 2|0, to propel plunger 203 to the left which closes port 20| to the exhaust fluid flowing through conduit 189' for retarding the end of the indexing movement of the turret as before, the excess pressure being relieved by the high pressure relief valve 2|8 in conduit 2|Za allowing the fluid to pass to tank M through conduit 2 I2.

This movement of plunger 203 to the left reverses the pressure to cylinder 74d by connecting port 2|9 with port 2|3, thus supplying pressure through conduit 2| 6 to the upper end of cylinder 1411 to lower turret 14. When the table again reaches the end of its travel to the right the pressure is again relieved in cylinder 1412 by supplying fluid through conduit 205 to raise turret 14.

Table I has just finished its movement to the right as viewed in Fig. l, and the work indicated by numeral 9| has been operated upon by cutter 8, turning clockwise. Work 0| will be operated upon by cutter 8, turning anticlockwise on the return stroke. Work 9| is placed nearer to the center of turret 14 than work 9| which brings it into line with cutters 8 for operation thereon. In other words cutters 8 and work 9| are farther apart, and in line with each other, but clearing cutters 8', and work 9| and cutters 8' are nearer together also bringing them in line, which clears work 9| from cutter 8.

When table I has traveled sufficiently to the right to complete the cutting operation (see Figs. 1 and 2), dog 8| adjustablymounted in slot 8|, formed in the table, engages lever 32, fast on the stem of valve 12, to open valve 12, thus shunting the fluid circuit between the ends of cylinder 54, to accelerate the table movement; and, on the return stroke, as the work approaches the cutters, dog 8|a, adjustable in slot 8|b, engages lever 82a, on the stem of valve 12, to again close this valve slowing down the table to the feeding movement. Dogs 83 and 84 respectively engage levers 83 and 84 fastened to the stem of valve 13 for similarly stepping up the speed of the table between the end of one cutting operation and the beginning of the next.

When forked lever 50 engages collar 5|a. to move plunger 5|, of automatic. valve 5|, to the right, as shown in Fig. 27, passage of fluid is cut off from either end of cylinder 54!, looking piston 55 against movement, and also cuts off flow of fluid in conduit 12' and when lever 50 engages collar 5|b to move plunger 5|. to its left hand position, as shown in Fig. 26, piston 55 is locked and the flow is cut off from conduit 13.

When plunger 5| androd 5| are moved to the right collar 5|a engages the lower arm of forked lever 85, fulcrumed at 85' on the frame work of the machine, turning lever 85 anticlockwise, and engaging its upper forked arm with collar 86 fast on rod 86' which slides within tube 060.. This tube is fixed in the clamp bearings 86b;

Mounted within tube 86a are two compression springs 81 and 81' which tend to hold rod 86' in its central position by engagement with collar 88, fast on rod 86, the springs being held under compression by the closed ends of tube 86a. The collar 89, fast on the left hand end of rod 86, is adapted to be engaged, at either side, by lever right side ofcollar 89 as shown in Fig. 5 to prevent spring 81' from forcing rod 86" to the right ofcollar 89, and when rod 86 is in its righthand position lever 89' may engage the left side of collar 89, as shown in Figr6, to prevent spring 81 forcing rod 86 to the left.

. Formed on the under side of the hub of gear 141) is shoulder 89a, and rod 89b, mounted rigidly between the ends of lever arms 89c and 89d, is held against shoulder 890. by springs 89c.

Lever arms 89c and 89d are mounted fast on shafts 89 and 09g, respectivelvwhich are freely mounted in the framework of the machine, and lever 89 is fastened'to the outer end of shaft 89 When turret I4 is in lowered position rod 89a is lowered rotating shaft 89f and raising lever 89 to clear collar 89, and when turret 14 and gear 74b are raised springs 89c raise rod 8%, lowering lever 89 to engaging position with collar 89, to prevent rod returning to its central position and maintaining plunger 5| in .closed position.

, When turret l4 lowers rod 892) releases lever 89' from collar 89 opening valve 5| which auto matically unlocks piston 55 to allow movement to table 7.

When it is desired to retain table 1 at the end of its movement in either direction indefinitely, the operator presses lever 92 downward to the position indicated by dotted lines 92' which turns shaft. 92a to which lever 92 is fastened, anticlockwise, as viewed in Fig. 1, thus turning cam 92?), fast on shaft 92a, out of engagement with the end of lever 92c, allowing spring 92d to swing the opposite end of lever 920 into engagement When the machine has to be stopped, in case of emergency, lever 92 is raised to the upper positionindicated by dotted lines 92" turning shaft 92a clockwise which forces plunger 59', of hand stop valve 59 into the position shown in Fig. 29 by the engagement of lever arm 93 fast on shaft 92a. with plunger rod 590. formed on plunger 59'. When plunger 59' is in this position fluid flow is cut off between conduits 58 and 62, and i also between conduits 5'! and GI, locking piston 55 against movement and holding table 1 stationary.

When plunger 59' is in this position the annular recess 59d, formed in plunger 59', registers with the shunt conduit 94, which is connected between conduits H and I8 thus allowing free flow of fluid between these conduits for releasing pressure from both ends of cylinder 4.

When it is againdesired to start the machine lever 92 is again moved into its central position which releases lever 93 from plunger rod,59a allowing spring 59b, mounted between valvel59 and collar 59c, fast on rod 59a, to force plunger 59 into its normal position, as shownin Fig. 28, again allowing free flow of fluid between the ends of cylinder 54 and cutting oif flow in shunt conduit 94 which renders the circuit in conduits I1 and I8 again operable with relation to cylinder'4.

When in an emergency case, it is desired to reverse the movement oftable l, lever 92 is raised to position 92" and lever 95 fast on shaft 95a connected to reverse valve 22 as shown in. Fig. 45,

is turned into the position shown by dotted lines 95' which operates reverse valve 22 to reverse the pressure in cylinder 4,;reversing the movement of piston 5 and table I. When table 1 has traveled sufliciently in reverse direction lever 95 is again turned to horizontal position, and when it is desired to again start the machine lever 92 is again turned to central position.

If it is desired to use the machine for hook, or climb, milling, the cutter may be turned on the arbor as usual to hook into the work. Reverse valve 40 is set to reverse the flow of fluid in conduits 38a and 39a reversing the direction of travel of rack Ma to reverse the rotation of the cutters with relation to the table travel, levers 48" and 49 re-adjusted on shafts 48' and 49, respectively, as shown in Fig.44, with connecting rod 4811 connected between these levers as overcome the extremely forcible pulling ahead of the table by the teethof the cutter as it feeds into the work.

To control the movement of the propelling piston under such conditions entails a complication of intricate valve, power, pump and mechanical devices which are expensive, complicated and unreliable. One of the chief diificulties lies in the fact that the area of the two ends of the piston are necessarily of diiferent area which results in a change persquareinch of pressure as one undertakes to control thepiston movement by tampering with the exhaust fluid. 1

By the foregoing description it will be seen that cylinder 4 and piston 5 are only for the purpose of propelling table 1, and the areas of the two ends of piston 5 are not the same.

will suppose that the diameter of piston rod 6 is one half the diameter of piston 5, then the area i of rod 6 is one fourth of the area of piston 5 at its larger end. Then the remaining area of piston 5, at the rod end is 3/ that at the large end. If we apply a pressure of 1000 lbs. per square inch to the large end then the pressure per square inch exerted by thesmaller end. would be 5x 1000 or l333 lbs. per square inch if the exhaust is closed and no power is absorbed. If we apply 1000 lbs. pressure per square inch to the small, or rod, end of the piston the pressure per'square inch exerted by the larger end is three fourths of that exerted at the small end, or Z50 lbs. per square inch under the same conditions as stated above. This being true the resultant pressure per square inch exerted by the piston at the end opposite to that of the power application varies in the ratio of 1333/750=l.78. The inverse ratio =750/1333:.5625. r

. By this we see that the resultant. pressure per square inch at the ends of the, piston opposite that to which the power is applied varies according to the above ratio, or under the conditions named above; the resultant pressure per square inch at the rod end is nearly twice that applied at the larger end, and conversely, the resultant pressure per square inch at the larger endis only a 75 To overcome this difficulty I employ a second cylinder and piston preferably of similar dimenend.

sions as thoseused to propel, using fluid at atmospheric pressure, so arranged, and connected with the propelled element that when pressure fluid is applied to the rod end of the propelling piston the rod end of the controlling piston will be in use to control the movement; and, when pressure is applied to the larger end of the propelling piston to propel the propelled element, the larger end of the controlling piston is used to control the resultant movement.

It will be seen by the above that there are two distinct hydraulic systems employed, a pressure system to propel the parts, and a non-gauge pressure system to control the feeding move ments.

Cylinder 54 and all of the conduits of the second hydraulic system are completely filled with liquidso that there is at all times a rigid resistance to the movements of table 1 which greatly assists in stabilizing the feeding move ment. This rigid resistance is obtained by the use of the independent fluid of the second system and cannot be obtained by using a single hydraulic system, the fluid of the second system being free from the vibrations of the first system.

By this arrangement a substantially proportional differential of ratios of pressure are set up between the cylinders which may be readily used to control any abnormal disturbance of this differential.

The compensating valve l9, partially herein described, combines a reversing valve for reverswhich are very short, considered longitudinally of the valve, in order to effect a quick closing-by the spools of plunger 19', and extend completely around the valve body to provide the necessary cross sectional area, (see Fig. 32) and ports 20' and 20", leading to conduit 20, and ports 2| and 2|", leading to conduit 2| are of the same construction.

Conduit 96, containing check valve 86 is connected to conduit 56, leading from the left hand end of cylinder 54, and also to conduit 96a connected to the chamber 961) in the left hand end of valve l9, and conduit 91 having check valve 91 is connected between conduit 53, leading fromthe right hand of cylinder 54, and conduit 96a.

Conduit98, containing check valve 98', connects with conduit 20, which leads from the left hand end' of cylinder 4, through conduit 24, and also through conduit 98a, which is connected to chamber 98b in the right hand end of valve l9. Conduit 99, containing check valve 99 connects with conduit 2i leading from the right hand end of cylinder 4 through conduit 23, and to conduit By-this it will be seen that both ends of cylinder 54 are connected with the left hand chamber 95b, and that both ends of cylinder 4 are connected with the right hand chamber 981) of valve If the pressure in cylinder 4 could be transmitted without loss to piston54, the resultant pressure in cylinder 54 would be equal to the pressure in cylinder 4, but there is always a loss in this transmission, due to inertia, friction and work done, so that under normal conditions the resultant pressure in cylinder 54 will always be less than those in cylinder 4, therefore the pressure exerted on the left hand end of plunger l9 from conduit 96a will be less than the pressure exerted on the right hand end from conduit 98a. The rod lQa extending from the right hand end of plunger [9 is made comparatively small in order not to reduce the area of and effective pressure on plunger l9 sufficiently to equalize these pressures. The compression spring I is mounted on rod lfia, between the body of valve I9 and the check nuts lfll, which are threaded to rod I Be for the adjustment of spring I00. This spring is adjusted to almost, but not quite, equalize the forces acting in both directions on plunger l9, so that there will normally be a slight excess of force exerted to hold it in its left hand position with the ports leading to conduits 53 and 56 and ports 20' and 2| open, and ports 20" and 2|" closed.

Ports 5'! and 58' are normally open so that when plunger I9 is in its left hand position there is a free flow of fluid to and from cylinder 4 and to and from cylinder 54 allowing normal action of the machine without interference.

When the cutter enters the work during hook milling a force is applied tending to suddenly force the table ahead in the direction of its feeding movement due to the action of the cutter on the work, as explained above. This force under some conditions becomes enormous and if there is no provision made to check it the work will be drawn against the cutter supplying work beyond the ability of the cutter to handle, which may result in serious damage to the machine, cutter or work, or to all three at once.

When table I is suddenly drawn ahead pistons 5 and 55 are also drawn ahead of their normal movement resulting in a reduction of the pressure applied behind piston 4 and a sudden increase of the pressure applied in front of piston 55 which increases the pressure in chamber 962) forcing piston H to the right to close the ports leading from conduits 53 and 56 to lock piston 55 against movement.

Valves 65 and 65 are introduced into the conduits l7 and i8, respectively, and are adjusted to allow fluid flow sufiicient for proper movements of piston 5, but are closed enough to produce a slight wire-drawing effect, when piston 5 is drawn ahead of its normal movement, to assist in reducing the pressure on the right hand end of plunger l9 in these emergencies, to hasten the action of plunger I9 in reversing the pressure to cylinder 4 and locking piston 55.

When the cutters have sufficiently cleared in the work the normal pressure differential set up in the two cylinders becomes normal, which again results in forcing plunger Hi to the left, resulting in normal working conditions of the machine.

If hook milling is not used, and if it is desired to guard against it, the adjusting rod l9a may be made to open an emergency switch, as shown in Figs. 57 and 56, when the cutter is assembled wrong in relation to the work. The switch button is in proximity to the end of rod lSa and the main lead I00, supplying the motors with power leads to block Iilfla with switch lllla normally closed connecting the supply main I00 with line |0|c leading to the rheostats of motors I and 45 for supplying current to drive these motors. When plunger I9 is forced to the right as the Lil result of a fluctuation of the table, switch IOIa is opened, as shown in Fig. 56, cutting off the curas shown in Fig. 32, to reduce inertia for a very quick action of the plunger resulting in momentary regulation of the machine.

I The valve I02 illustrated in Fig. 12 is in all respects like valve l9, except that the automatic stop portion is omitted, and valve I03, shown in Fig. 13, is similar to valve I 9, except that the servo-valve portion is omitted. Either of these two valves will reg'ulatethe movements of the table when hook milling is used, but I have combined the two into one valve to make surety doubly sure under the conditions mentioned above.

The operation is as follows: As table I reaches the end of the cutting operation to the left as viewed in Fig. 4, valve I2 is opened to accelerate the table movement. The main valve piston is operated to the right, as shown in Fig. 8, sufficiently to operate the cutter reversing mechanism, and the automatic stop valve to stop position, locking piston andtable 1 against movement, closing conduit I2, and further operating the main valve to the right, as shown in Fig. 9, to supply fluid to the left hand end of driving cylinder 4 to return table I, but, as it is locked against movement the pressure is transmitted through passages 6a and 6" and conduit to raise and index the turret. As the turret raises the automatic stop valve is locked in stop position and as the turret lowers automatic stop Valve is released to allow the return movement of the table to the right. As the work approaches the cutter Valve I2 is closed and the table is propelled at a feeding rate through the work when valve 13 is opened, accelerating the movement. At the end of the table movement to theright the main valve is operated to the left as shown in Fig. 10, to again reverse the cutter rotation, operate automatic stop valve to stop position, closing conduit I3, raising and indexing the turret as explained above, lowering the turret and releasing the stop valve to again return the table to the left. Asthe work approaches the cutter valve I3 is closed for feeding movement and the cycle of operationis repeated automatically. I I

The machine may be used without indexing the turret by closing valves 8e and M, which eliminates the raising, lowering and rotating of the turret, by mounting onepiece work in proper position for operation by one cutter as the table travels in one direction, and another piece in position for operation by another cutter as the table travels in the opposite direction, the machine operating in the same manner as if the turret was eliminated, and the work mounted directly on the table.

In this case the movement of table would not be arrested at the end of its stroke unless lever 92 was operated for this purpose, as explained above.

It if is desired to use the machine as a plain milling machine cutting in one direction of the table movement only the necessary adjustments to be made are, to adjust blocks 42a and 42b to the outer ends of slots 42c and 42d, set lever 33 in position to effect the desired direction of rotation and speed of the cutters, and close valve 66 in conduit 60 to prevent the raising and indexing ,ed on stud of the turret, leaving valve 6d open tosupply pressure to the upper end of cylinder 14d to hold the turret down to its seat, if the cutting operation is to take place during movement of the table to the left, as viewed in Fig. 4; but, if the cutting operation is to take place during table movement to the right, valve (id in conduit 6b is closed and valve 6e left open. To eifect quick return of the table the dog BI is adjusted in slot 8| to open valve I2 at the end of the cutting operation, and dog 8| a. is adjusted to close valve I2 at the end of the return stroke, dogs 83 and 84 being removed and valve I3 closed in case the cutting operation takes place during movement of table I to the right as viewed in Fig. 1, and dogs 83 and 84 are adjusted to open valve 13 at the end of the cutting operation and close'it at the end of the return stroke if cutting takes place during movement of the table to the left.

The embodiment illustrated in Figs. 46 to 55 is similar in many respects to the previouslyde- Transmission 44d is similar to transmission 44,, except that the direction of rotation is reversed and speed governed by turning hand wheel 44b instead of being done automatically.

To the transmission shaftMe is keyed gear I02 which meshes with intermediate gear I03, which in turn meshes with gear I04, fast on shaft I05, extending back to the rear of the machine. To the rear end of this shaft is keyed the gear I06, whichdrives gear I01 fast on spindle I08 through geared belt I09.

The hollow main driving spindle I08 is rotatably mounted inthe spindle bearing H0 which in turn is freely mounted'in the rear end of head II. This rear bearing is attached to the front bearing H0 by means of bolts II I and I I I'.

While I have shown a geared belt to drive spindle I08 any suitable means may be employed to drive this spindle, such as a silent chain, or sprocket chain together with suitable sprockets, or an ordinary belt and suitable pulleys, or other belt means.

Rotatably mounted in bearing H0 are spindles H2, H3 and H4, spindle H2 being in alignment with driving spindle I08. Gear H5 is fast on the inner end of spindle I08, slidably, keyed in hollow spindle I08, and clutch member H5 is made integral with gear II 5, and is adapted to engage clutch member H2 fast on spindle H2, when sliding spindle I08 is advanced to the position shown in Fig. 51, and disengaged from member I I2 when spindle I08 is withdrawn. The annular grooves H86: and H81) are formed on the rear. end of spindle I08 and segments H80, removably attached to the end of sprocket I01, extend into one or the other of these grooves to hold spindle I08 in the desired position.

Gear H6 fast on spindle H3 meshes with gear H5 when gear II 5 is in the position shown in Fig. 50, and gear H6 also fast on spindle H3 meshes with intermediate gear I I7 freely mount- I'I' which stud extends between spindle bearing H0 and front spindle bearing H0. 

